The following are a list of resources that cover a variety of CRS subjects.
General CRS Information
"Designing effective questions for classroom response system teaching" (on-campus access only) - Ian D. Beatty, William J. Gerace, William J. Leonard, and Robert J. Dufresne, University of Massachusetts
This article offers several strategies for creating powerful classroom response system questions. In particular, the authors suggest that question writers consider their specific pedagogic objectives when developing questions, which involves outlining explicit content goals, process goals, and metacognitive goals.
"Teaching and learning with interactive student response systems: A comparison of commercial products in the higher-education market" - Roger C. Lowery, University of North Carolina at Wilmington
This paper compares a variety of classroom response systems on the technical support provided, operating system capability, input device type compatibility, and textbook partnership. It also offers a brief review of the literature on classroom response systems.
"Students use clickers to help guide college lectures: TV remote-like devices can reveal when students get it and when they don't" - ABC News, Commentary by Lee Dye
An ABC News story on how classroom response systems are being incorporated into college courses.
"Teaching and Learning in the Wireless Classroom" (On-campus access only) - Paul G. Shotsberger and Ron Vetter, University of North Carolina at Wilmington
An article that highlights Project Numina, an effort to develop a web application that functions as a CRS devices done by the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. This is similar to how the Turning VPad system works.
Clickers in the Classroom - Douglas Duncan, University of Colorado
The author's website provides the second Chapter of his book, and highlights the advantages of using a CRS system and compares regular lectures with Lectures using CRS. If you are interested in purchasing the book, please visit the author's website.
CRS Related Research
"Clicker pilot program continues" - Instructional Support Services, Indiana University Bloomington
This paper describes the implementation of a classroom response system at Indiana University Bloomington. The particular response system used in this case is the Classroom Performance System by eInstruction.
"Classroom demonstrations: Learning tools or entertainment?" - Catherine H. Crouch, Adam P. Fagen, J. Paul Callan, and Eric Mazur, Harvard University
This study examined whether students learn more from increased engagement in a classroom demonstration. The authors found that when students were asked to predict the results of a demonstration, they learned more than students who only observed the classroom demonstration.
"A universal learning tool for classrooms?" - Nelson Cue, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
This paper describes the results of a classroom response system implemented at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. When instructors used the classroom response system regularly in their course, students had more positive responses to the system and attended class more often than when instructors used the response system only once a week
"How remote responders affect teaching" - Karen Lightstone, Saint Mary's University
This article describes the use of a classroom response system at St. Mary's University in Nova Scotia. The author describes her experiences with using the system and the challenges she has faced.
"Waking the dead: Using interactive technology to engage passive listeners in the classroom" - Rand W. Guthrie and Anna Carlin, Cal Poly Pomona
This study examined student perceptions of classroom response systems. The authors found that students had generally positive reactions to the technology (although they were initially somewhat leery toward its use in the classroom) and reported preferring courses that employed the technology over courses that did not.
"Clicker implementation and assessment" - Michele H. Jackson and April R. Trees, Department of Communication, University of Colorado at Boulder
This report summarizes the effectiveness of a classroom response system instituted within the Department of Communication at the University of Colorado. The authors' main finding was that although clicker technology is easy to use, its application in the classroom poses important challenges for instructors.
"Using Wireless Keypads in Lecture Classes" (On-campus access only)- Ray A. Burnstein, Lean M. Lederman
The paper discusses the implementation of CRS devices to increase student participation in a Physics class. The study explains the changes done in the class throughout semesters, outcomes, and the potential CRS devices hold for learning.
"Who wants to be... The use of a Personal Response system in Statistics Teaching" - (On-campus access only) Ernst Wit, University of Glasgow, MSOR Connections (look in volume 3)
A case study about the effects of CRS devices on student learning and their implementation in a Statistics for Psychology course. Elaborates on the variety of questions possible using a multiple-choice format.
"ClassInHand Classroom UseTM" - Wake Forest University
Wake Forest University's study on their usage of CRS systems in several disciplines. PocketClassroom software operates similarly to the Turing VPad system.
"Using an Electronic Voting System in Logic Lectures: One Practitioner's Application" - S. A. J. Stuart, M. I Brown & S. W. Draper, University of Glasglow
The article is based on the application of CRS systems in Philosophical Logic and Philosophy of Mind course, and their differing results.
"Wireless Response Technology in College Classrooms" (On-campus access only) - H. Arthur Woods and Charles Chiu, University of Texas at Austin
Woods and Chiu researched the effects of using Einstruction devices on learning. The white paper also elaborates on potential question types, benefits, pricing and the distribution process.
"Electronically enhanced classroom interaction" - Steve Draper, University of Glasgow
Investigates the usefulness of CRS devices when used with various pedagogic strategy types. The paper also analyzes the logic behind using CRS devices, and highlights potential future projects and technical details.
"IBM Study Proves Use of Student Response Systems Increases Attentiveness" - Harold M. Horowitz, Ph.D., Program Director of Educational Technology, IBM Corporation
The Paper presents the implementation of CRS devices for IBM's Development Center and the educational observations and impacts on their students.
